ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW! 5
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Ng php ting Anh Mc lc
Tm tt ng php ting Anh......................................................................................................................7 1. Cu trc thông thường ca mt cu vào tingAnh:.....................................................................................7
1.1 Subject (chng):........................................................................................................................7 1.2 Verb (ng t):............................................................................................................................7 1.3 Complement (v ng):..................................................................................................................8 1.4 Modifier (trng t):......................................................................................................................8
2. Noun phrase (ng danht).................................................................................................................8 2.1 Danh t m c v khng m c (Count noun/ Non-count noun):...................................... 8 2.2 Cch dng qun t khng xcnh "a" v "an"..........................................................................10
2.2.1 Dng an vi:....................................................................................................................10 2.2.2 Dng a vi:......................................................................................................................10
2.3 Cch dng qun t xc nh "The".............................................................................................10 2.3.1 Sau y l mt s trng hp thng dng dng The theo quy tctrn:................................. 11 2.3.2 Bng s dng "the" vkhng s dng "the" vào mt s trng hp in hnh...................12
2.4 Cch s dng another v other...................................................................................................13 2.5 Cch s dng little, a little, few, afew........................................................................................14 2.6 S hu cch...............................................................................................................................14
3. Verb phrase (ng ng t)...............................................................................................................15 3.1 Present tenses (cc thi hinti).................................................................................................16
3.1.1 Simple Present (thi hin tithng)...................................................................................16 3.1.2 Present Progressive (thi hin ti tip din).........................................................................16 3.1.3 Present Perfect (thi hin ti honthnh).............................................................................17
3.1.3.1 Cch dng SINCE v FOR:..........................................................................................18 3.1.3.2 Cch dng ALREADY vYET:...................................................................................18 3.1.3.3 Thi hin ti hon thnh thng dc dng vi mt s cm t ch thi giannh sau:... 18
3.1.4 Present Perfect Progressive (thi hin ti hon thnh tip din)........................................... 19 3.2 Past tenses (ccthi qukh).....................................................................................................19
3.2.1 Simple Past (thi qu kh thng):.....................................................................................19 3.2.2 Past Progresseive (thi qu kh tip din):..........................................................................20 3.2.3 Past Perfect (thi qu kh hon thnh):...............................................................................21 3.2.4 Past Perfect Progressive (thi qu kh hon thnh tip din):.............................................. 22
3.3 Future tenses (cc thi tng lai)...............................................................................................22 3.3.1 Simple Future (thi tng lai thng):................................................................................23 3.3.2 Near Future (tng lai gn):................................................................................................23 3.3.3 Future Progressive (thi tng lai tip din):.......................................................................23 3.3.4 Future Perfect (thi tng lai hon thnh):..........................................................................24
4. S ha hp gia ch ng v ng t................................................................................................24 4.1 Cc trng hp ch ng ng tch lúc ng t........................................................................24 4.2 Cc t lun i vi danh t hoc i t st.................................................................................25 4.3 Cch s dng None vNo..........................................................................................................26 4.4 Cch s dng cu trc either... Or (hoc...hoc) v neither... Nor(khng...m cng khng) ......... 26
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4.5 V-ing lm ch ng.....................................................................................................................27 4.6 Cc danh t tpth.....................................................................................................................27 4.7 Cch s dng a number of, the number of:.................................................................................28 4.8 Cc danh t lun s nhiu.......................................................................................................28 4.9 Cch dng there is, there are......................................................................................................29
5. I t..............................................................................................................................................30 5.1 Subject pronoun (i t nhn xng ch ng).............................................................................30 5.2 Complement pronoun (i t nhn xng tnng)......................................................................31 5.3 Possessive pronoun (i t shu)............................................................................................32
5.3.1 Possessive adjectives (Tnh t shu).................................................................................32 5.4 Reflexive pronoun (i t phn thn)........................................................................................32
6. Tn ng (complement / object) v cc cả nước lin quan...................................................................33 6.1 ng t dng lm tn ng..........................................................................................................33
6.1.1. Loi 1: ng t nguyn th lm tn ng (to + verb)........................................................... 336.1.2. Loi 2: ng t Verb-ing dng lm tn ng.......................................................................33 6.1.3 Bng di y l nhng ng t m tn ng sau n c th l mt ng t nguyn thhoc mt verb-ing m ng ngha khng vậy i..................................................................................34 6.1.4 Bn ng t c bit...........................................................................................................34 6.1.5 ng t ng sau gii t.....................................................................................................35
6.1.5.1 Verb + preposition +verb-ing.......................................................................................35 6.1.5.2 Adjective + preposition + verb-ing:..............................................................................35 6.1.5.3 Noun + preposition +verb-ing:.....................................................................................36
6.1.6 ng t i sau tnht:.........................................................................................................36 6.2 i t ng trc ng t nguyn th hoc V-ing trong tn ng................................................ 36
6.2.1 Trng hp tn ng l ng t nguyn th..........................................................................37 6.2.2 Trng hp tn ng l V-ing...............................................................................................37
7. Mt s ng t c bit (need, dare, to lớn be, get)................................................................................37 7.1 Need..........................................................................................................................................37
7.1.1 Need dng nh mt ng t thng:...................................................................................37 7.1.2 Need dng nh mt tr ng t...........................................................................................38
7.2 Dare(dm).................................................................................................................................38 7.2.1 Dng nh mt ni ngt...................................................................................................38 7.2.2 Dng nh mt ngoi ng t...............................................................................................39
7.3 Cch s dng to be trong mt s trng hp..............................................................................39 7.4 Cch s dng to lớn get trong mt s trng hp:............................................................................40
7.4.1. Khổng lồ get +P2.........................................................................................................................40 7.4.2. Get + V-ing = Start + V-ing: Bt u lm g.......................................................................40 7.4.3. Get sb/smt +V-ing: Lm cho ai/ ci g bt u....................................................................40 7.4.4. Get + lớn + verb...................................................................................................................40 7.4.5. Get + to + Verb (v hnh ng) = Come + khổng lồ + Verb (v nhn thc)= Gradually = doanh nghiệp dn40
8. Cu hi............................................................................................................................................41 8.1 Cu hi Yes/No.........................................................................................................................41 8.2 Cu hi ly thng tin (information question)..............................................................................41
8.2.1 Who hoc What: cu hi ch ng........................................................................................41 8.2.2 Whom hoc What: cu hi tn ng......................................................................................42 8.2.3 When, Where, How v Why: Cu hi b ng......................................................................42
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8.3 Cu hi phc (embedded question)............................................................................................42 8.4 Cu hi ui (tagquestions).......................................................................................................43
9. Li ni phha................................................................................................................................44 9.1 Ph ho cu khng nh.............................................................................................................44 9.2 Ph ho cu ph nh.................................................................................................................45
10. Cu ph nh(negation).................................................................................................................45 10.1 Some/any:................................................................................................................................46 10.2 Mt s cc cu hi dng ph nh li với ngha khc (khng dng du ?):...................... 46 10.3 hai ln phnh.......................................................................................................................46 10.4 Ph nh kt hp vi sosnh....................................................................................................46 10.5 Cu trc ph nh tuy vậy song....................................................................................................46 10.6 Ph nh khng dng th ph nh ca ng t........................................................................47 10.7 Th ph nh ca mt s ng t cbit.................................................................................47 10.8 No matter.................................................................................................................................47 10.9 Cch dng Not ... At all; at all...................................................................................................48
11. Cu mnhlnh...............................................................................................................................48 11.1 Mnh lnh thc trc tip..........................................................................................................48 11.2 Mnh lnh gintip:.................................................................................................................48 11.3 Dng ph nh ca cu mnhlnh............................................................................................48
12. Cc tr ng t (ModalAuxiliaries)...............................................................................................49 12.1 Cu ph nh dng tr ng t.................................................................................................49 12.2 Cu nghi đất nước hình chữ s dng tr ng t.................................................................................................50
13. Cu iukin.................................................................................................................................50 13.1 iu kin c th thc hin c (iu kin c thc tuyệt iu kin dngI)................................. 50 13.2 iu kin khng th thc hinc (iu kin khng c thc tốt iu kin dng II, III) ......... 51
13.2.1 iu kin khng c thc hin ti (dngII)......................................................................51 13.2.2 iu kin khng c thc vào qu kh (dng III).............................................................51
13.3 Cch s dng will, would, could, should vào mt s trng hp khc................................... 52 13.4 Cch s dng if vào mt strng hp khc.........................................................................52 13.5 Cch s dng Hope v Wish....................................................................................................54
13.5.1 Wish tnglai:...............................................................................................................54 13.5.2 Wish hin ti..................................................................................................................55 13.5.3 Wish qu kh.................................................................................................................55
13.6 Cch s dng as if, as though (c nh l, nh th l)................................................................ 5513.6.1 thi hin ti:..................................................................................................................56 13.6.2 Thi qu kh:....................................................................................................................56
13.7 Cch s dng used to, (to be/get) usedto..................................................................................56 13.7.1 Used to + Verb:.................................................................................................................56 13.7.2 khổng lồ be/ lớn get used to + V-ing/ Noun: Tr nn thân quen vi...................................................... 57
13.8 Cch s dng wouldrather.......................................................................................................57 13.8.1 Loi cu c mt ch ng...................................................................................................58
13.8.1.1 Thi hin ti:..............................................................................................................58 13.8.1.2 Thi qu kh:.............................................................................................................58
13.8.2 Loi cu c nhì ch ng.....................................................................................................58 13.8.2.1 Cu cu kin hin ti (present subjunctive):............................................................. 5813.8.2.2 Cu gi nh i lp vi thc t hin ti...................................................................58
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13.8.2.3 Cu gi nh tri ngc vi thc t qu kh............................................................. 5914. Cch dng mt s tr ng t hnh thi thi hin ti...................................................................59
14.1 Cch s dng Would + like......................................................................................................59 14.2 Cch s dng could/may/might:...............................................................................................60 14.3 Cch s dng Should:..............................................................................................................60 14.4 Cch s dng Must..................................................................................................................61 14.5 Cch s dng have to...............................................................................................................61
15. Dng tr ng t din t tnh hung qu kh (modal + perfective).......................................... 61 15.1 Could, may,might + have + P2 = c l.................................................................................61 15.2 Should have + P2 = L ra phi, l ra nn...................................................................................62 15.3 Must have + P2 = chc l , hà nội l......................................................................................62
16. Cch dng should vào mt s trng hp c th khc.................................................................62 17. Tnh t v ph t...........................................................................................................................63
17.1 Tnh t.....................................................................................................................................63 17.2 Ph t......................................................................................................................................64
17.2.1 Adverb of manner:............................................................................................................65 17.2.2 Adverb of place:................................................................................................................66 17.2.3 Adverb of time:.................................................................................................................67 17.2.4 Adverb offrequency:.........................................................................................................67 17.2.5 Disjunctiveadverb:............................................................................................................67
18. Lin t (linking verb).....................................................................................................................67 19. Cc dng so snh ca tnh t v pht...........................................................................................68
19.1 So snh ngangbng..................................................................................................................68 19.2 So snh hnkm......................................................................................................................70 19.3 Php so snh khng hp l.......................................................................................................72
19.3.1 S hucch:......................................................................................................................72 19.3.2 Dng thm that of đến danh t s t:..................................................................................72 19.3.3 Dng thm those of mang lại cc danh t s nhiu:...................................................................72
19.4 Cc tnh t v ph t c bit...................................................................................................73 19.5 So snh bi s..........................................................................................................................73 19.6 So snhkp..............................................................................................................................74 19.7 Cu trc No sooner... Than (Va mi ... Th ...)......................................................................75 19.8 So snh thành phố hà nội km khng dng than (gia 2 i tng).............................................................. 7519.9 So snh bc nht (t 3 i tng tr ln)..................................................................................76
20. Danh t dng lm tnh t...............................................................................................................76 20.1 khi no dng danh t lm tnh t, lúc no dng tnh t ca danh t?................................... 77
21. Cch dngEnough.........................................................................................................................77 22. Much, many, a lot of v lots of vào mt s trng hp khc..................................................... 77
22.1 Much & many..........................................................................................................................77 22.2 Phn bit alot/ lots of/ plenty/ a great giảm giá khuyến mãi vi many/ much...................................................... 79 22.3 More&most............................................................................................................................79 22.4 Long & (for) a long time..........................................................................................................80
23. Cc cm t ni có tnh quan tiền h nhn qu..................................................................................81 23.1 Because, Becauseof.................................................................................................................81 23.2 Sothat......................................................................................................................................81 23.3 So vsuch................................................................................................................................82
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23.3.1 Dng vi tnh t v pht:................................................................................................82 23.3.2 Dng vi danh t m c s nhiu:...............................................................................82 23.3.3 Dng vi danh t khng mc:..................................................................................82 23.3.4 Dng vi danh t m c s t:.....................................................................................83 23.3.5 Dng such trc tnh t + danh t:....................................................................................83
24. Cu b ng (passive voice)...........................................................................................................85 25. Mt s cu trc cu khin(causative).............................................................................................87
25.1 khổng lồ have sb bởi vì sth = to lớn get sb to do sth = sai ai, khin ai,bo ai lm g ..................................... 87 25.2 to lớn have/toget sth done = lm mt vic g bng cch thu ngi khc...................................... 87 25.3 lớn make sb vì sth =to force sb to do sth = Bt buc ai phi lmg.......................................... 88
25.4.1 khổng lồ make sb + P2 = lm mang lại ai b lmsao...........................................................................88 25.4.2 to lớn cause sth + P2 = lm đến ci g b lmsao....................................................................88
25.5 lớn let sb do sth = to permit/allow sb to vì sth = mang đến ai,cho php ai lm g .......................... 88 25.6 to help sb lớn dosth/do sth = Gip ai lm g.............................................................................88 25.7 cha ng t c bit: see, watch, hear.......................................................................................89
26. Cu phc hp v i t quan lại h.....................................................................................................89 26.1 That v which lm ch ng ca mnh ph...........................................................................89 26.2 That v which lm tn ng ca mnh ph............................................................................89 26.3 Who lm ch ng ca mnh ph..........................................................................................90 26.4 Whom lm tn ng ca mnhph........................................................................................90 26.5 Mnh ph bt buc v khng btbuc.................................................................................90
26.5.1 Mnh ph bt buc.......................................................................................................90 26.5.2 Mnh ph khng btbuc.............................................................................................90 26.5.3 Tm quan lại trng ca vic s dng du phy i vi mnhph....................................... 91
26.6 Cch s dng All, Both, Some, Several, Most, Few + Of + Whom/Which ................................ 91 26.7 Cch loi b i t quan lại htrong mnh ph........................................................................92
27. Cch s dng mt s cu trc P1....................................................................................................92 28. Cch s dng mt s cu trc P2....................................................................................................93 29. Nhng cch s dng khc ca that.................................................................................................94
29.1 That dng vi t cch l mt lin t(rng)...............................................................................94
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29.1.1 Trng hp khng bt buc phi cthat............................................................................94 29.1.2 Trng hp bt buc phi c that......................................................................................94
29.2 Mnh that............................................................................................................................94 29.2.1 Dng vi ch ng gi it v tnh t.....................................................................................94 29.2.2 Dng vi ng t khổng lồ thnh mt mnh c lp..............................................................95
30. Cu gi nh (subjunctive).............................................................................................................95 30.1 Dng vi would ratherthat.......................................................................................................95 30.2 Dng vi ng t.....................................................................................................................96 30.3 Dng vi tnh t.......................................................................................................................96 30.4 Th gi nh trong mt s trng hp khc..............................................................................97
31. Li ni bao hm(inclusive)............................................................................................................98 31.1 Not only ..... But also (khng nhng ... M cn)........................................................................98 31.2 As well as (va ... Va...).........................................................................................................99 31.3 Both ..... And... (va ... Va)......................................................................................................99
32. To lớn know, to lớn knowhow....................................................................................................................99 33. Mnh th hin s nhng b....................................................................................................100
33.1 Despite/Inspite of (bt chp, cho d, ...)..................................................................................10033.2 Although/Even though/Though (mcdu)...............................................................................10033.3 However + adj + S + linkverb = d c .... I chng mãng cầu th .....................................................101 33.4 Although/Albeit + Adjective/ Adverb/ AverbialModifier.......................................................101
34. Nhng ng t d gy nhmln....................................................................................................10135. Mt s cc ng t c bit khc..................................................................................................10336. S ph hp v thi gia nhị v ca mt cu..................................................................................10337. Cch s dng khổng lồ say, lớn tell...........................................................................................................10438. One v You...................................................................................................................................105
38.1 One.........................................................................................................................................10538.2You.........................................................................................................................................106
39. I trc i t phi c mt danh t tng ng vi n...................................................................10640. S dng V-ing, to + verb m u mt cu................................................................................107
40.1 S dngVerb-ing....................................................................................................................10740.2 ng t nguyn th (to + verb) m ucu.............................................................................109
41. Ng t (V-ing, V-ed) dng lm tnh t........................................................................................10942. Thng tin tha (redundancy).........................................................................................................11043. Cu trc tuy nhiên song vào cu........................................................................................................11044. Chuyn i v tr tn ng trc tip v gintip..............................................................................11145. Cu trc tip v cu gin tip........................................................................................................11246. Khi ph t ng u cu nhn mnh, phi o cu trccu......................................................113
Cch lm bi trc nghim ng php........................................................................................................116Nhng t d gy nhmln......................................................................................................................117
47. Cch s dng gii t.....................................................................................................................12048. Mt s ng ng t thng gp....................................................................................................123
Bng cc ng t bt quy tc..................................................................................................................124
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Tm tt ng php ting Anh 1. Cu trc bình thường ca mt cu vào ting Anh:Mt cu trong ting Anh thng bao gm cc thnh phn sau y:
V d:
SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT MODIFIER John & I ate a pizza lastnight.
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We studied "present perfect" last week. He runs very fast. Ilike walking.
1.1 Subject (ch ng):
Ch ng l ch th ca hnh ng vào cu, thng ng trc ng t (verb). Ch ngthng l mt danh t (noun) hoc mt ng danh t (noun phrase - mt nhm t ktthc bng mt danh t, vào trng hp ny ng danh t khng c bt u bng mtgii t). Ch ng thng ng u cu v quyt nh vic phân chia ng t. Ch rng mi cutrong ting Anh u c ch ng (Trong cu mnh lnh, ch ng c ngm hiu l nginghe. V d: Don"t move! = ng im!). Milk is delicious. (mt danh t)That new, red oto is mine. (mt ng danh t) i lúc cu khng c ch ng thts, vào trng hp , It hoc There ng vai tr ch ng gi. It is a niceday today. There is a fire in that building. There were manystudents in the room. It is the fact that the earth goes around thesun.
1.2 Verb (ng t):
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ng t l t ch hnh ng hoc trng thi ca ch ng. Mày cu u phi c ng t. Nc th l mt t n hoc mt ng ng t. Ng ng t (verb phrase) l mt nhm t gmmt hoc nhiu tr ng t (auxiliary) v mt ng t chnh. I love you. (ch hnhng) Chilli is hot. (ch trng thi) I have seen the movie three timesbefore. (auxiliary: have; main verb: seen) I am going to không nên Gontomorrow. (auxiliary: am; main verb: going)
1.3 Complement (v ng):
V ng l t hoc centimet t ch i tng tc ng ca ch ng. Cng ging nh ch ng, vng thng l danh t hoc ng danh t khng bt u bng gii t, mặc dù nhin v ngthng ng sau ng t. Khng phi cu no cng c complement. V ng tr li chocu hi What? hoc Whom? John bought a oto yesterday. (What did Johnbuy?) Jill wants to drink some water. (What does he want lớn drink?)She saw John at the movie last night. (Whom did she see at themovie?)
1.4 Modifier (trng t):
Trng t l t hoc centimet t ch thi gian, a yên ổn hoc cch thc ca hnh ng.Khng phi cu no cng c trng t. Chng thng l cc cm gii t (prepositionalphrase), ph t (adverb) hoc mt centimet ph t (adverbial phrase). Chng trli cu hi When?, Where? hoc How? Mt centimet gii t l mt centimet t bt u bng mtgii t v kt thc bng mt danh t (VD: in the morning, on thetable,...). Nu c nhiu trng t vào cu th trng t ch thi gian thng isau cng. John bought a book at the bookstore. (Where did John buy abook?) She saw John at the movie last night. (Where did she seeJohn? When did she see him?) She drives very fast. (How does shedrive?) Ch rng trng t thng i sau v ng nhng khng nht thit. Mặc dù nhintrng t l centimet gii t khng c nm gia ng t v v ng.
She drove on the street her new car. (Sai) She drove her new caron the street. (ng)
2. Noun phrase (ng danh t)
2.1 Danh t m c v khng m c (Count noun/ Non-count noun):
Danh t m c: L danh t c th dng c vi s m, vì chưng n c 2 hnh thi s t v snhiu. N dng c vi a tốt vi the. VD: one book, two books, ... Danh tkhng m c: Khng dng c vi s m, do n khng c hnh thi s t, s nhiu.
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N khng th dng c vi a, cn the ch trong mt s trng hp c bit. VD:milk (sa). Bn khng th ni "one milk", "two milks" ... (Mt s vt chtkhng m c c th c phụ vương trong cc bnh ng, bao b... M c. VD: one glass ofmilk - mt cc sa). Mt s danh t m c c hnh thi s nhiu c bit. VD:person - people; child - children; tooth teeth; foot feet; mousemice ... Mt s danh t m c c dng s t/ s nhiu nh nhau ch phn bit bng c"a" v khng c "a": an aircraft/ aircraft; a sheep/ sheep; a fish/fish. Mt s cc danh t khng m c nh food, meat, money, sand, water ...i khi c dng nh cc danh t s nhiu ch cc dng, loi khc nhau ca vt liu .This is one of the foods that my doctor wants me khổng lồ eat. Danh t"time" nu dng vi ngha l "thi gian" l khng m c nhng lúc dng vi nghal "thi i" tốt "s ln" l danh t m c. You have spent too much time onthat homework. (thi gian, khng m c) I have seen that movie threetimes before. (s ln, m c)
Bng sau l cc nh ng dng c vi cc danh t m c v khng m c.
WITH COUNTABLE NOUN WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUN a(n), the, some, anythe, some, any this, that, these, those this, that none, one, two,three,... None many a lot of a
much (thng dng trong cu ph nh, cu hi) a lot of a large amount of(a) little less....than more....than
Mt s t khng m c nn bit:
sand food meat water
money news measles (bnh si) soap
information air mumps (bnh quai b) economics
physics mathematics politics homework
Note: advertising l danh t khng m c nhng advertisement l danh tm c, ch mt qung teo c th no .
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There are too many advertisements during TV shows.
2.2 Cch dng qun t khng xc nh "a" v "an"
Dng a hoc an trc mt danh t s t m c. Chng c ngha l mt. Chng c dngtrong cu c tnh khi qut hoc cp n mt ch th phụ vương c cp t trc. A ball isround. (ngha chung, khi qut, ch tt c cc qu bng) I saw a boy in thestreet. (chng ta khng bit cu b no, thân phụ c cp trc )
2.2.1 Dng an vi:
Qun t an c dng trc t bt u bng nguyn m (trong cch pht m, ch khngphi vào cch vit). Bao gm: Cc t bt u bng cc nguyn m a, e, i, o: anaircraft, an empty glass, an object Mt s t bt u bng u, y: an uncle,an umbrella Mt s t bt u bng h cm: an heir, haft an hour Cc t m ubng mt ch vit tt: an S.O.S/ an M.P
2.2.2 Dng a vi:
Dng a trc cc t bt u bng mt ph m. Chng bao gm cc ch ci công nhân li v mts trng hp bt u bng u, y, h. VD: a house, a university, a homeparty, a heavy load, a uniform, a union, a year income,... Ng trcmt danh t m u bng "uni..." phi dng "a" (a university/ a uniform/universal/ union) (Europe, eulogy (li ca ngi), euphemism (li nitri), eucalyptus (cy khuynh dip) Dng vào cc thnh ng ch s lng nhtnh nh: a lot of/a great khuyến mãi of/a couple/a dozen. Dng trc nhng s mnht nh thng l hng ngn, hng trm nh a/one hundred - a/one thousand.Dng trc "half" (mt na) khi n theo sau mt n v nguyn vn: a kilo and ahalf, hay khi n i ghp vi mt danh t khc ch mãng cầu phn (khi vit c du gchni): a half - share, a half - holiday (ngy l ch ngh na ngy). Dng vicc n v phn s nh 1/3 a/one third - 1/5 a /one fifth. Dng trong ccthnh ng ch gi c, tc , t l: $5 a kilo, 60 kilometers an hour, 4times a day.
2.3 Cch dng qun t xc nh "The"
Dng the trc mt danh t c xc nh c th v mt tnh cht, c im, v tr hocc cp n trc , hoc nhng lúc nim ph thng, ai cng bit.
The boy in the corner is my friend. (C ngi ni v ngi nghe u bit lcu b no) The earth is round. (Ch c mt tri t, ai cng bit)
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Vi danh t khng m c, dng the nu ni n mt vt c th, khng dng the nuni chung. Sugar is sweet. (Ch cc loi ng ni chung) The sugar on thetable is from Cuba. (C th l ng trn bn) Vi danh t m c s nhiu, khichng c ngha i din tầm thường cho mt lp cc vt cng loi th cng khng dngthe. Oranges are green until they ripen. (Cam ni chung) Athletesshould follow a well-balanced diet. (Vn ng vin ni chung)
2.3.1 Sau y l mt s trng hp thng dng dng The theo quy tc trn:
The + danh t + gii t + danh t: The girl in blue, the Gulf ofMexico. Dng trc nhng tnh t so snh bc nht hoc only: The only way,the best day. Dng mang đến nhng khong thi gian xc nh (thp nin): In the1990s The + danh t + i t quan h + mnh ph: The man khổng lồ whom you havejust spoken is the chairman. The + danh t s t tng trng cho mt nhmth vt hoc vt: The whale = whales (loi c voi), the deep-freeze (thcn ng lnh) i vi man khi sở hữu ngha "loi ngi" tuyt i khng c dng the:Since man lived on the earth ... (k t khi loi ngi sinh sng trn trit ny) Dng trc mt danh t s t ch mt nhm, mt hng ngi nht nh vào xhi: The small shopkeeper: Gii ch tim nh/ The top offcial: Gii quanchc cao cp The + adj: Tng trng mang lại mt nhm ngi, chng khng bao gi cphp s nhiu nhng c xem l cc danh t s nhiu. Bởi vì vy ng t v i t i cng vichng phi ngi th 3 s nhiu: The old = The old people; The old areoften very hard in their moving The + tn gi cc i hp xng/ doanh nghiệp nhc cin/ ban nhc ph thng: The Back Choir/ The PhilharmoniquePhiladelphia Orchestra/ The Beatles. The + tn gi cc t bo (khng tpch)/ tu bin/ cc khinh thường kh cu: The Times/ The Titanic/ The HindenbergThe + h ca mt gia nh s nhiu = gia nh nh: The Smiths = Mr/ Mrs Smithand children Thng thng khng dng the trc tn ring tr trng hp c nhiungi hoc vt cng tn v ngi ni mun m ch mt ngi c th trong s : There arethree Sunsan Parkers in the telephone directory. The Sunsan Parkerthat I know lives on the First Avenue. Tng t, khng dng "the" trc ban: breakfast, lunch, dinner: We ate breakfast at 8 am this morning.Tr lúc mun m ch mt ba n c th: The dinner that you invited me lastweek were delecious. Khng dng "the" trc mt s danh t nh home, bed,church, court, jail, prison, hospital, school, class, college,university v.v... Khi n i vi cc ng t v gii t ch chuyn ng ch i n lmc ch chnh hoc ra khi cng v mc ch chnh: Students go to lớn schooleveryday. The patient was released from hospital. Nhng nu n hoc rakhi khng v mc ch chnh th dng "the".
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Students go to lớn the school for a class party. The doctor left thehospital for lunch.
2.3.2 Bng s dng "the" v khng s dng "the" vào mt s trng hp inhnh
C "The" Khng "The" + Dng trc tn cc i dng, sng ngi, bin, vnh v cccm h (s nhiu) The Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gufl,the Great Lakes
+ Trc tn cc dy ni: The Rocky Mountains + Trc tn nhng vt th duynht trong v tr hoc trn th gii: The earth, the moon + The schools,colleges, universities + of + danh t ring The University of Florida+ The + s th t + danh t The third chapter. + Trc tn cc cuc chintranh quần thể vc vi iu kin tn quần thể vc phi c tnh t ho The Korean War(=> The Vietnamese economy) + Trc tn cc nc c nhị t tr ln (ngoitr Great Britain) The United States, The Central African Republic +Trc tn cc nc c coi l mt qun o hoc mt qun o The Philipines, TheVirgin Islands, The Hawaii + Trc tn cc ti liu hoc s kin lch s TheConstitution, The Magna Carta + Trc tn cc nhm dn tc thiu s theIndians
+ Trc tn mt h Lake Geneva + Trc tn mt ngn ni Mount Vesuvius +Trc tn cc hnh tinh hoc cc chm sao Venus, Mars + Trc tn cc trng nynu trc n l mt tn ring Stetson University + Trc cc danh t i cng vimt s m Chapter three, Word War One + Trc tn cc nc ch c mt t: China,France, Venezuela, Vietnam + Trc tn cc nc m u bng New, mt tnh t chhng: New Zealand, North Korean, France + Trc tn cc lc a, tnh, tiubang, thnh ph, qun, huyn: Europe, Florida + Trc tn bt k mn th thaono baseball, basketball + Trc cc danh t tru tng (tr mt s trng hp cbit):
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+ Trc tn cc mn hc c th The Solid matter Physics + Trc tn cc nhcc lúc cp n cc nhc c ni bình thường hoc khi bỏ ra cc nhc c . The violin isdifficult khổng lồ play Who is that on the piano
freedom, happiness + Trc tn cc mn hc ni chung mathematics + Trctn cc ngy l, tt Christmas, Thanksgiving + Trc tn cc loi hnh nhc ctrong cc hnh thc m nhc c th (Jazz, Rock, classical music..) Toperform jazz on trumpet và piano
2.4 Cch s dng another v other.
Hai t ny thng gy nhm ln.
Dng vi danh t m c Dng vi danh t khng m c an + other + danh t m cs t = mt ci na, mt
ci khc, mt ngi na, mt ngi khc (= one more). Another pencil = onemore pencil
the other + danh t m c s t = ci cui cng công nhân li (ca mt b), ngi cnli (ca mt nhm), = last of the set. The other pencil = the lastpencil present
Khng dng
Other + danh t m c s nhiu = my ci na, my ci khc, my ngi na, myngi khc (= more of the set). Other pencils = some more pencils
The other + danh t m c s nhiu = nhng ci cn li (ca mt b), nhngngi công nhân li (ca mt nhm), = the rest of the set. The other pencils =all remaining pencils
Other + danh t khng m c = mt cht na (= more of the set). Otherwater = some more water
The other + danh t khng m c = ch công nhân st li. The other water = theremaining water
Another v other l khng xc nh trong những khi the other l xc nh; nu chng l bit (c nhc n trc ) th ta c th b danh t i sau another hocother, ch cn dng another hoc other nh mt i t l . Lúc danh t s nhiub lc bt (trong cch ni tt nu trn) th other tr thnh others. Khng baogi c dng others + danh t s nhiu:
I Don "t want this book. Please give me another. (another = anyother book - not specific) I Don "t want this book. Please give methe other.
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(the other = the other book, specific) This chemical ispoisonous. Others are poisonous too. (others = the other chemicals,not specific) I Don "t want these books. Please give me the others.(the others = the other books, specific)
Trong mt s trng hp ngi ta dng one hoc ones ng sau another hocother cố gắng cho danh t:
I Don "t want this book. Please give me another one. I don"twant this book. Please give me the other one. This chemical ispoisonous. Other ones are poisonous too. I don"t want these books.Please give me the other ones.
This hoc that c th dng vi one nhng these v those khng c dng viones, mc d c 4 t ny u c th dng ráng cho danh t (vi vai tr l i t)khi khng i vi one hoc ones:
I don"t want this book. I want that.
2.5 Cch s dng little, a little, few, a few
Little + danh t khng m c: rt t, khng (c khuynh hng ph nh) I havelittle money, not enough lớn buy groceries. A little + danh t khng mc: c mt cht, I have a little money, enough khổng lồ buy groceries Few +danh t m c s nhiu: c rt t, khng (c tnh ph nh) I have few books, notenough for reference reading A few + danh t m c s nhiu: c mt cht, Ihave a few records, enough for listening. Vào mt s trng hp khidanh t trn c nhc n th trộn di ch cn dng little hoc few nh mt i t l(cng ging nh i vi other/another; this/that). Are you ready inmoney. Yes, a little. Quite a few + m c = Quite a bit + khng m c =Quite a lot of + noun = rt nhiu.
2.6 S hu cch
The noun"s + noun: Ch c dng đến nhng danh t ch ngi hoc ng vt,khng dng cho cc vt. The student"s book, The cat"s legs.
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i vi danh t s nhiu c sn "s" ui ch cn dng du phy The students"book. Nhng i vi nhng danh t i s nhiu c bit khng "s" ui nước ta phi dng ydu s hu cch. The children"s toys, The people"s willing Nu c haidanh t cng ng s hu cch th danh t no ng gn danh t b s hu nht s mangdu s hu. Paul và Peter"s room. I vi nhng tn ring hoc danh t c sn"s" ui c th ch cn dng du phy v nhn mnh ui khi c hoc dng s hu cch vphi cố kỉnh i cch c. Tn ring khng dng "the" ng trc. The boss" oto =the quái nhân "s oto
3. Verb phrase (ng ng t) Nh cp phn cu trc tầm thường ca cu, ng ng tting Anh gm c mt ng t chnh v mt hoc nhiu tr ng t. Ng t trong tingAnh chia lm 3 thi chnh: Qu kh (Past) Hin ti (Present) Tng lai(Future)
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Mi thi chnh li chia thnh nhiu thi nh din t tnh chnh xc ca hnhng.
3.1 Present tenses (cc thi hin ti)
3.1.1 Simple Present (thi hin ti thng)
Dng din t mt hnh ng mang tnh thng xuyn (regular action), theothi thân quen (habitual action) hoc hnh ng lp i lp li c tnh qui lut. Iwalk to lớn school every day. Khi phân tách ng t thi ny, i vi ngi th nht(I), th nhì (you) v th 3 s nhiu (they) ng t khng phi chia, s dng ngt nguyn th khng c khổng lồ nh v d nu trn. I vi ngi th 3 s t (he, she,it), phi c "s" sau ng t v m phi c c ln: He walks. She watches TVThng dng thi hin ti thng vi mt s cc ph t ch thi gian nh today,present day, nowadays,... V vi cc ph t ch tn sut nh: always,sometimes, often, every + thi gian ... Simple present thng khng dngdin t hnh ng ang xy ra thi lặng hin ti (now), ngoi tr vi cc ng t thhin trng thi (stative verb) nh sau:
know believe hear see smell wish
understand hate love lượt thích want sound
have need appear seem taste own
Cc t vào danh sch trn thng cng khng bao gi xut hin vào thitip din (hin ti tip din, qu kh tip din...). Mt s v d khc v thi hinti thng:
They understand the problem now. (stative verb) He always swimsin the evening. (habitual action) We want lớn leave now. (stativeverb) The coffee tastes delicious. (stative verb) Your cough soundsbad. (stative verb) I walk lớn school every day. (habitualaction)
3.1.2 Present Progressive (thi hin ti tip din)
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Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra vo thi lặng hin ti. Thi yên ny c xc nh cth bng mt s ph t nh : now, rightnow, at this moment. Dng nỗ lực thcho thi tng lai gn, c bit l trong việt nam ni. The president is trying tocontact his advisors now. (present time) We are flying khổng lồ Parisnext month. (future time) Cc ng t trng thi (stative verb) bng saukhng c phân tách th tip din (bt c thi no) khi chng l nhng ng t tnh din ttrng thi centimet gic ca hot ng tinh thn hoc tnh cht ca s vt, s vic.
know believe hear see smell wish
understand hate love like want sound
have need appear seem taste own
Nhng khi chng quay sang hng ng t hnh ng th chng li c php dng thtip din. He has a lot of books. He is having dinner now. (ng t hnhng: n ti) I think they will come in time. I"m thinking of my testtomorrow. (ng t hnh ng: ang ngh v)
3.1.3 Present Perfect (thi hin ti hon thnh)
Thi hin ti hon thnh dng : (1). Din t mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi imkhng xc nh vào qu kh. John has traveled around the world. (Wedon"t know when) (2). Ch mt hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln trong qu kh.George has seen this movie three time.
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(3). Mt hnh ng bt u din ra vào qu kh v đất nước hình chữ s cn xy ra hin ti.John has lived in that house for trăng tròn years. (He still lives there.)= John has lived in that house since 1984. (Gi s hin nay l2004)
3.1.3.1 Cch dng SINCE v FOR:
FOR + khong thi gian: for three days, for ten minutes, fortwenty years ... SINCE + thi lặng bt u: since 1982, since January,...
3.1.3.2 Cch dng ALREADY v YET:
Already dng trong cu khng nh, already c th ng ngay lập tức sau have vcng c th ng cui cu.
We have already written our reports. We have written our reportsalready.
Yet dng trong cu ph nh, cu nghi vn. Yet thng xuyn ng cui cu.
We havent written our reports yet. Have you written your reportsyet?
Trong mt s trng hp th ph nh, yet c th ng ngay lập tức sau have nhng phithay i v mt ng php: ng t PII tr v dng nguyn th c khổng lồ v khng dngnot.
John has yet to lớn learn the material = John hasn"t learnt thematerial yet.
3.1.3.3 Thi hin ti hon thnh thng dc dng vi mt s cm t ch thi giannh sau:
Dng vi now that... (gi y khi m...) Now that you have passed theTOEFL kiểm tra successfully, you can apply for the scholarship. Dng vimt s ph t nh till now, untill now, so far (cho n gi). Nhng cm t nyc th ng u cu hoc cui cu.
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So far the problem has not been resolved. Dng vi recently,lately (gn y) nhng cm t ny c th ng u hoc cui cu. I have not seenhim recently. Dng vi before ng cui cu. I have seen him before. Xemthm cc ng t bt quy tc
3.1.4 Present Perfect Progressive (thi hin ti hon thnh tipdin)
Ch i vi cc hnh ng thc loi (3) ca thi hin ti hon thnh chng ta mic th dng thi hin ti hon thnh tip din. John has been living in thathouse for 20 years. = John has lived in that house for 20years.
Xem thêm: Uống Bia Với Sữa Có Tốt Không, Uống Bia Với Sữa Ông Thọ Có Tác Dụng Gì
Phn bit cch dng gia nhị thi:
Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive
Hnh ng chm dt hin ti vì chưng c kt qu r rt. I"ve waited for you forhalf an hour. (and now I stop waiting because you didn"t come).
Hnh ng toàn nước tip din hin ti, c kh nng lan ti tng lai vị khng c ktqu r rt. I"ve been waiting for you for half an hour. (and now I"mstill waiting, hoping that you"ll come)
3.2 Past tenses (cc thi qu kh)
3.2.1 Simple Past (thi qu kh thng):
Dng din t mt hnh ng xy ra dt im ti mt thi gian xc nh vào qu kh(khng công nhân din ra hoc nh hng ti hin ti). Thi yên ổn trong cu c xc nh r rtbng mt s cc ph t ch thi gian nh: yesterday, at that moment, lastweek, ...
He went khổng lồ Spain last year. Bob bought a new bicyle yesterday.Maria did her homework last night.
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Mark washed the dishes after dinner. We drove to lớn the grocerystore this afternoon. George cooked dinner for his family Saturdaynight.
3.2.2 Past Progresseive (thi qu kh tip din):
Thi qu kh tip din dng din t:
(1) mt hnh ng ang xy ra trong qu kh th b mt hnh ng khc chenngang (khi ang... Th bng...). Vào trng hp ny, mu cu phổ biến l:
I was watching TV when she came home. Hoc
When she came home, I was watching television.
(2) hai hnh ng cng ng thi xy ra trong qu kh. Vào trng hp ny,mu cu sau c p. Dng:
Martha was watching television while John was reading a book.hoc
While John was reading a book, Martha was watchingtelevision.
Cu trc sau y cng i khi c dng nhng khng thng dng bng nhì mutrn:
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While John was reading a book, Martha watched television.
(3) Mt hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi lặng xc nh trong qu kh:
Martha was watching TV at seven oclock last night. What were youdoing at one oclock this afternoon? Henry was eating a snack atmidnight last night.
3.2.3 Past Perfect (thi qu kh hon thnh):
Thi qu kh hon thnh c dng din t: (1) mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt hnhng khc vào qu kh, vào cu thng c c 2 hnh ng:
Thi qu kh hon thnh thng c dng vi 3 ph t ch thi gian l: after,before v when.
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Ph t when c th c dng cụ cho after v before vào c 4 mu trn mkhng lm vậy i ngha ca cu. Chng ta cả nước bit hnh ng no xy ra trc vì cs dng qu kh hon thnh. The police came when the robber had goneaway. (2) Mt trng thi tn ti mt thi gian trong qu kh nhng chm dt trchin ti. Trng hp ny tng t trng hp (3) i vi hin ti hon thnh nhngtrong trng hp ny khng c lin h g vi hin ti. John had lived in NewYork for ten years before he moved lớn VN.
3.2.4 Past Perfect Progressive (thi qu kh hon thnh tip din):
Ch i vi cc hnh ng thuc nhm (2) ca thi qu kh hon thnh ta mày c thdng thi qu kh hon thnh tip din, vi ngha ca cu khng núm i. John hadbeen living in thành phố new york for ten years before he moved lớn VN. Lu :Thi ny ngy ni t dng, ngi ta gắng th n bng Past Perfect v ch dngkhi no cn in t tnh chnh xc ca hnh ng.
3.3 Future tenses (cc thi tng lai)
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3.3.1 Simple Future (thi tng lai thng):
Ngy nay ng php hin i, c bit l ng php M chp nhn vic dng will chott c cc ngi, công nhân shall ch dng vi cc ngi I, we trong mt s trng hp nhsau: a ra ngh mt cch lch s: Shall I take you coat? Dng ngươi ngi khcmt cch lch s: Shall we go out for lunch? Dng ng gi trong những khi mc c,mua bn: Shall we say : $ 50 Thng c dng vi 1 toàn quốc bn sở hữu tnh php quibuc cc bn phi thi hnh iu khon trong đất nước hình chữ s bn: All the students shallbe responsible for proper execution of the dorm rule. Trong tingAnh bnh doanh nghiệp , ngi ta nỗ lực shall = must dng cu ny. N dng din t mt hnhng s xy ra mt thi yên ổn nht nh vào tng lai nhng khng xc nh c th.Thng dng vi mt s ph t ch thi gian nh tomorrow, next + time, in thefuture, in future, from now on.
3.3.2 Near Future (tng lai gn):
Din t mt hnh ng s xy ra vào tng lai gn, thng dng vi cc ph t didng: In a moment (lt na), at 2 o"clock this afternoon.... We aregoing lớn have a reception in a moment N ch 1 vic chc chn s phi xyra theo nh d tnh cho d thi gian l tng lai xa. We are going lớn takea TOEFL kiểm tra next year. Ngy nay ngi ta thng dng presentprogressive.
3.3.3 Future Progressive (thi tng lai tip din):
Dng din t mt hnh ng s xy ra vo mt thi yên nht nh trong tng lai.At 8:00 am tomorrow morning we will be attending the lecture. Goodluck with the exam! We will be thinking of you. Dng kt hp vipresent progressive khc din t nhì hnh ng ang tuy nhiên song xy ra. Mthin
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ti, cn mt tng lai. Now we are learning English here, but by thistime tomorrow we will be attending the meeting at the office. C dngcp n cc s kin tng lai c xc nh hoc quyt nh (khng sở hữu ngha tip din).Professor Baxter will be giving another lecture on Romanglass-making at the same time next week. Hoc nhng s kin c ao ước i ls xy ra theo mt tin trnh thng l (nhng khng din t nh ca c nhn ngini). You will be hearing from my solicitor. I will be seeing youone of these days, I expect. D on đến tng lai: Don"t phone now,they will be having dinner. Din t li ngh nh nhn mun bit v k hoch cangi khc Will you be staying in here this evening? (ng c d nh li yti ni ch )
3.3.4 Future Perfect (thi tng lai hon thnh):
Dng ch mt hnh ng s phi c hon tt vo mt thi yên nht nh trong tnglai. N thng c dng vi trng t ch thi gian di dng: by the kết thúc of.....,by the time + sentence We will have accomplished the Englishgrammar course by the over of next week. By the time human beingmigrates to lớn the moon, most of the people alive today will havedied.
4. S ha hp gia ch ng v ng t vào mt cu ting Anh, ch ng v ng tphi ph hp vi nhau v ngi v s (s t tốt s nhiu)
The worker works very well. S t s t The workers work very well.s nhiu s nhiu
4.1 Cc trng hp ch ng ng tch lúc ng t
Trong cu ting Anh, c nhiu trng hp rt kh xc nh c u l ch ng ca cudo ch ng v ng t khng i lin vi nhau. The boys in the room areplaying chess. Thng thng trong cc trng hp , mt ng gii t (mt gii t mu v cc danh t theo sau in the room) thng nm gia ch ng v ng t. Cc nggii t ny khng nh hng n vic phân chia ng t. The study of languages isvery interesting. Serveral theories on this subject have beenproposed.
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The view of these disciplines varies from time lớn time. Thedanger of forest fires is not to lớn be taken lightly. Ch rng trong ccv d trn cc danh t nm trong ng gii t u tri ngc vi ch ng v s t / snhiu nhng ng t lun c phân chia theo ch ng chnh. Cc cm t sau cng vi ccdanh t i theo sau n to lớn nn hin tng ng ch ng. Chng ng gia ch ng v ngt, phn tch khi 2 thnh phn bi du phy. Chng cng khng c nh hng g n vicchia ng t.
Together with along with accompanied by as well as
Mary, along with her manager và some friends, is going lớn aparty tonight. Mr. Robbins, accompanied by her wife and children,is arriving tonight. Nu 2 danh t lm ch ng ni vi nhau bng và th ngt phi phân tách ngi th 3 s nhiu (tng ng vi they) Mary and her managerare going khổng lồ a buổi tiệc ngọt tonight. Nhng nu 2 ng ch ng ni vi nhau bng orth ng t phi chia theo danh t ng sau or. Nu danh t l s t th ng t phichia s t v ngc li. Mary or her manager is going to answer the pressinterview.
4.2 Cc t lun i vi danh t hoc i t s t
l cc danh t bng sau (cn gi l cc i t phim ch).
any + singular noun no + singular noun some + singular nounanybody anyone anything
nobody no one nothing
somebody someone something
every + singular noun everybody everyone everything each either* neither *
* Either v neither l s t nu chng khng i vi or hoc nor. Either (cngha 1 trong các 2) ch dng mang lại 2 ngi hoc 2 vt. Nu 3 ngi (vt) tr ln phidng any. Neither (khng mt ai vào hai) ch dng cho 2 ngi, 2 vt. Nu3 ngi (vt) tr ln dng not any.
Everybody who wants khổng lồ buy a ticket should be in this line.Something is in my eye. Anybody who has lost his ticket shouldreport to lớn the desk.
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Neither of his pens is able lớn be used. If either of you takes avacation now, we will not be able to lớn finish the work. No problem isharder than this one. Nobody works harder than John does.
4.3 Cch s dng None v No
None v No u dng c vi c danh t s t v s nhiu. Nu sau None of the lmt danh t khng m c th ng t phi ngi th 3 s t. Nu sau n l mt danh t snhiu th ng t phi chia ngi th 3 s nhiu.
None of the + non-count noun + singular verb None of the +plural count noun + plural verb
None of the counterfeit money has been found. None of thestudents have finished the exam yet.
Nu sau No l mt danh t m c s t hoc khng m c th ng t phi ngi th 3s t. Nu sau n l mt danh t s nhiu th ng t phi ngi th 3 s nhiu
No + singular noun / non-count noun + singular verb No +plural noun + plural verb
No example is relevant lớn this case. No examples are relevant tothis case.
4.4 Cch s dng cu trc either... Or (hoc...hoc) v neither... Nor(khng...m cng khng)
iu cn lu nht khi s dng cu trc ny l ng t phi chia theo danh t isau or hoc nor. Nu danh t l s t th ng t phân chia ngi th 3 s t v ngc li.Nu or hoc nor xut hin mt mnh (khng c either hoc neither) th cng pdng quy tc tng t (nh cp phn trn)
Neither John nor his friends are going to lớn the beach today.Either John or his friends are going khổng lồ the beach today. Neitherthe boys nor Carmen has seen this movie before. Either John or Billis going to the beach today. Neither the director nor the secretarywants to leave yet.
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4.5 V-ing lm ch ng
Khi V-ing dng lm ch ng th ng t cng phi phân chia ngi th 3 s t.
Knowing her has made him what he is. Not studying has caused himmany problems. Washing with special cream is recommended for scalpinfection. Being cordial is one of his greatest assets. Writingmany letters makes her happy.
Ngi ta s dng V-ing lúc mun din t 1 hnh ng c th xy ra nht thinhng khi mun din t bn cht ca s vt, s vic th phi dng danh t Dietingis very popular today. Diet is for those who suffer from a ceraindisease. Ng t nguyn th cng c th dng lm ch ng v ng t sau n s chiangi th 3 s t. Nhng ngi ta thng dng ch ng gi it m u cu. To find thebook is necessary for him = It is necessary for him lớn find thebook.
4.6 Cc danh t tp th
l cc danh t bng sau dng ch 1 nhm ngi hoc 1 t chc nhng trn thc tchng l nhng danh t s t, vì vy cc i t v ng t theo sau chng cng ngith 3 s t.
Congress family group committee class
Organization team army club crowd
Government jury majority* minority public
The committee has met, và it has rejected the proposal. Thefamily was elated by the news. The crowd was wild with excitementCongress has initiated a new plan to combat inflation. Theorganization has lot many members this year. Our team is going towin the game.
Tuy nhin nu cc thnh vin trong nhm ang hot ng ring r, ng t s chiangi th 3 s nhiu:
Congress votes for the bill. (Quc hi b phiu cho d
